Robin Morgan, Voice of Radical Feminism, Dies at 85

Robin Morgan, a prolific feminist author and radical activist who edited the landmark 1970 anthology “Sisterhood Is Powerful,” served as editor in chief of Ms. journal for 5 years and helped arrange one of the primary protests of the Miss America pageant, died on Saturday in Manhattan. She was 85.

The dying, in a hospital, was confirmed by her son, the musician Blake Morgan, who’s her sole survivor.

From the entrance traces of a much-splintered feminist motion, Ms. Morgan gave voice to ladies as a poet, journalist, novelist, memoirist, agitator and iconoclast. She got here of age within the civil rights and anti-Vietnam War actions, however together with different younger ladies of the brand new left, she discovered these actions dominated by males, and, particularly, males who needed to maintain ladies as second-class residents.

“We were tired of making coffee and not policy,” she told The Guardian in 2006.

Ms. Morgan precipitated shock waves in 1970 when she revealed an essay in Rat, an underground newspaper. The article, titled “Goodbye to All That,” named particular males as sexists. “Goodbye to Hip Culture and the so-called Sexual Revolution,” she wrote, stating that the murderous Charles Manson was “only the logical extreme of the normal American male’s fantasy.” The piece turned an on the spot traditional of second-wave feminism; it additionally introduced her dying threats from counterculture activists. “They called it ‘the shot heard round the Left,’” she told The New Yorker in 2008.

She returned to that theme in 2008 with “Goodbye to All That (#2),” an essay calling out the toxic misogyny aimed at Hillary Clinton, then a senator who was operating for the Democratic presidential nomination. The article went viral (and was mass-forwarded by Chelsea Clinton, her daughter).

Ms. Morgan’s early activism within the late Nineteen Sixties included cofounding the novel feminist teams Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell and New York Radical Women, which in 1968 organized one of the first protests in opposition to the Miss America pageant for its objectification of ladies.

(*85*)

At the protest, on Atlantic City’s boardwalk in New Jersey, a number of hundred ladies staged guerrilla theater actions: Some threw bras, girdles, hair curlers, mops and different symbols of ladies’s “enslavement” right into a trash bin (however, opposite to fashionable perception, Ms. Morgan insisted that there was no bra burning). The climax of the day’s occasions was the unfurling of a banner inside the town’s conference corridor that mentioned, “Women’s Liberation.” The protest earned Ms. Morgan prominent mention in The New York Times Magazine beneath the headline, “Meet the Women of the Revolution, 1969.”

She coined the time period “herstory” — historical past written from ladies’s level of view — and claimed partial credit score for the slogan “the personal is political.” Her phrase “pornography is the theory; rape is the practice” turned a rallying cry for the anti-porn motion.

As the keynote speaker at the 1973 West Coast Lesbian Conference, Ms. Morgan protested the presence of the transgender people singer Beth Elliott, whose efficiency turned a symbolic dividing line between feminist teams at the occasion. “No, I will not call a man ‘she,’” Ms. Morgan mentioned in her speech. “Thirty-two years of suffering in this androcentric society, and surviving, have earned me the title of ‘woman.’”

Decades later, this speech earned her the label “trans-exclusionary radical feminist” as Twenty first-century gender politics led to a rethinking of sex, gender and transgender rights. When requested about that speech in a 2024 interview for this obituary, she mentioned, “I believe that trans rights are human rights.” Then she paused and sighed earlier than including, “It’s complicated.”

Ms. Morgan created the enduring picture on the duvet of “Sisterhood Is Powerful,” taking the image for feminine — a circle above a cross — and filling it with a raised purple fist. The e-book, a complete assortment of the writings of second-wave feminists reminiscent of Kate Millett, Eleanor Holmes Norton and Florynce Kennedy in addition to paperwork from feminist organizations, turned a greatest vendor; it was included within the New York Public Library’s “Books of the Century” exhibition and was named by the American Library Association as one of the 100 most influential books of the twentieth century. Ms. Morgan used the royalties to create “The Sisterhood Is Powerful Fund,” a feminist grant-giving group.

Her second anthology, “Sisterhood Is Global” (1984), targeted on interviews with ladies from all over the world, which led her to ascertain the Sisterhood Is Global Institute with the French activist Simone de Beauvoir. She labored on the e-book from her workplace at Ms. journal, the place she was a contributing editor. In 1989, she was requested by its co-founder Gloria Steinem to develop into editor in chief and re-established the publication as an ad-free, worldwide bimonthly journal. Circulation soared, and the journal received quite a few journalism awards. She resigned as editor in chief in 1994 however remained on as consulting world editor.

She accomplished her ultimate “Sisterhood” anthology, “Sisterhood Is Forever,” with essays by greater than 50 feminists, in 2003. She then joined forces with Ms. Steinem and Jane Fonda in 2005 to create the Women’s Media Center, a nonprofit group supporting ladies working within the media. She hosted a podcast on politics for the middle for a few years. (Ms. Steinem died on Wednesday.)

By her 80s, Ms. Morgan had revealed two dozen books, together with poetry, novels, nonfiction works and quite a few essays in each the mainstream and different media. Her books included the very best vendor, “The Demon Lover: The Roots of Terrorism” (1989), a feminist evaluation of violence, and her acclaimed memoir “Saturday’s Child” in 2001.

Robin Evonne Morgan was born on Jan. 29, 1941, in Lake Worth, Fla., to Faith Malkah Teitlebaum Berkley, a gross sales clerk at Lerner Stores, a ladies’s clothes chain. Faith was not married and had traveled to Florida from New York to cover her being pregnant; for years, she instructed Robin that she was born in 1942.

Robin didn’t meet her father, Dr. Mordechai Morgenstern, a gynecologist, till she was 20. He handed her a delivery certificates that exposed she had been born a yr earlier.

Robin’s aunt pushed her into youngster modeling and Faith turned an aggressive stage mom. By age 5, Robin had her personal half-hour weekly call-in radio program, “The Little Robin Morgan Show,” on WOR in New York. At round age 8, she started showing on TV and starred within the fashionable present “Mama,” a couple of working-class Norwegian immigrant household in turn-of-the-century San Francisco. When she was a young person, she give up performing to develop into a author in opposition to her mom’s needs. She enrolled in nonmatriculated literature courses at Columbia University at 16.

Instead of incomes a level, she landed a secretarial job with the Curtis Brown literary company by her early 20s, which gave her entry to influential writers reminiscent of W.H. Auden. She joined a writing workshop, the place she met the poet Kenneth Pitchford, a founder of the Gay Liberation Front. They married in 1962, shortly after his boyfriend broke up with him — and served as greatest man at their marriage ceremony.

As an grownup, she loathed any point out of her having been a baby star. She famously walked off “The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson,” which was airing dwell, in 1969, when it confirmed footage of her as a baby actor whereas she was speaking to Mr. Carson about rape. “Imagine talking about such a subject and having it trivialized like that,” she told The Guardian.

Her marriage resulted in divorce in 1990. Mr. Pitchford died in 2020.

She at all times remained prolific — and fiery.

“I’m now 77,” she said in 2018, “which once would have sounded positively antique to me. But I just came out with my 23rd book.” She added: “I am still intensely an activist. When younger women come to me for advice, I smile. ‘Get your own torch,’ I tell them, ‘I’m not done with mine yet.’”

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *